Clone
A variety propagated by asexual means to produce plants that are genetically identical (homogenous).
In cocoa, clones are produced by rooting of cuttings of a View Entry
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Cocoa, GMO
GMO is an acronym for Genetically Modified Organism, currently referred to by the USDA as BE or Bioengineered. These designations refer to organisms that have View Entry
Cocoa, Peace and
Global civil society can support peace-building in conflict areas around the world by buying and promoting cocoa produced by grassroots communities working for peace and View Entry
Conching
The final flavor development step in the chocolate-making process. Heat, motion (shear), aeration, and time are combined during conching to produce the finished flavor and View Entry
Confectioner
A person, manufacturer, or business who produces sweets from sweeteners such as sugar, which may include other ingredients such as cocoa, nuts, and fruit. The View Entry
Conservation Agriculture
Most organizations such as the WFP and FAO define Conservation Agriculture with these 3 or 4 points:
- Minimal Soil Disturbance; planting in Conservation agriculture is
Cooperative
A cooperative is an association controlled by its voluntary members, who pool resources to meet their common economic, social, and/or cultural needs and aspirations through View Entry
Couverture
A chocolate product that contains the same ingredients as a high-quality chocolate bar, but with the following main differences:
(1) finer and smoother texture, which View Entry
Criollo
A term that refers to a genetic cluster of the species Theobroma cacao. The word criollo has also been adopted to market chocolate using beans View Entry
Deforestation
For the purposes of cacao sourcing, we are mainly interested in whether a cacao farm has been established on land that was previously forest, as View Entry